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Journal: Innate Immunity
Article Title: Antimicrobial peptide LL-37 ameliorates a murine sepsis model via the induction of microvesicle release from neutrophils
doi: 10.1177/1753425920936754
Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of LL-37 on the release of antibacterial ectosomes from mouse bone-marrow neutrophils, and effect of CXCR2 and FPR2 antagonists on the LL-37-induced ectosome release. (a) Mouse bone-marrow neutrophils (2 × 10 6 cells) were stimulated with N -formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLF) (10 μM) or LL-37 (1, 3, or 10 μg/ml) for 45 min at 37°C, and the released ectosomes in the supernatant were analyzed by flow cytometry. Data are shown as the mean ± SD . Values were compared and analyzed between the incubation with vehicle (PBS) and fMLF (10 μM) or LL-37 (1, 3, or 10 μg/ml), and 1, 3, and 10 μg/ml of LL-37 by one-way ANOVA followed by Holm-Sidak’s multiple comparison test. An inlet shows a representative cytogram of microvesicles released from LL-37 (10 μg/ml)-stimulated neutrophils. (b) Microvesicles (containing 1.5 × 10 5 or 3.0 × 10 5 ectosomes) isolated from LL-37 (10 μg/ml) or fMLF (10 μM)-stimulated neutrophils were incubated with E. coli for 20 min at 37°C, and the relative bacteria viability was calculated and expressed as percentage. Data are shown as the mean ± SD ( n = 3 each). Values were compared and analyzed between microvesicles containing 1.5 × 10 5 and 3.0 × 10 5 ectosomes isolated from LL-37-stimulated (LL37-MV) or fMLF-stimulated neutrophils (fMLF-MV) by two-tailed unpaired Student’s t -test. (c) Microvesicles (1.6 μg) isolated from the supernatant of vehicle (Hank’s balanced salt solution; HBSS + ) or LL-37 (10 μg/ml) stimulated neutrophils were subjected to 8% or 13% SDS-PAGE, followed by Western blotting using anti-lactoferrin and CRAMP Abs. (d) Mouse bone-marrow neutrophils (2 × 10 6 cells) were pre-treated with SB225002 (CXCR2 antagonist; 3 μM), WRW4 (FPR2 antagonist; 0.3 μM), or vehicle (DMSO) for 20 min at 37°C, and then stimulated with LL-37 (10 μg/ml) for 45 min at 37°C. Released ectosomes in the supernatant were analyzed by flow cytometry. Values were compared and analyzed between the incubation with vehicle (DMSO) ( n = 6) and LL-37 without antagonists ( n = 8), and between the incubation with LL-37 alone and LL-37 with an antagonist (SB225002 or WRW4) ( n = 7 each) by one-way ANOVA followed by Holm-Sidak’s multiple comparison test. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01.
Article Snippet:
Techniques: Flow Cytometry, Incubation, Comparison, Isolation, Bacteria, Two Tailed Test, SDS Page, Western Blot